![]() ![]() ![]() We then discuss the challenges associated with kava use and research, focusing on the need for the detailed characterization of kava components and associated risks such as its reported hepatotoxicity. We first provide a historical background for its different uses and then discuss the current state of the research, including its chemical composition, possible mechanisms of action, and its therapeutic potential in treating inflammatory and neurological conditions, as well as cancer. This review aims to provide the scientific community and consumers, as well as regulatory agencies, with a broad overview on kava use and its related research. Major challenges lie in the diversity of kava products and the lack of standardization, which has produced an unmet need for quality initiatives. While its beneficial effects are widely recognized, rare hepatotoxicity had been associated with use of certain kava preparations, but there are no validations nor consistent mechanisms. Recent studies suggest that kava and its key phytochemicals have anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects, in addition to the well-documented neurological benefits. and is gaining popularity as a recreational drink in Western countries. Kava is also marketed as a dietary supplement in the U.S. Kava extract preparations were once used as herbal drugs to treat anxiety in Europe. They have been consumed among Pacific Islanders for centuries. Kava beverages are typically prepared from the root of Piper methysticum. ![]()
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